什么是实时定位系统? 实时定位系统综合指南

Minew 扬. 03. 2025
目录

    在我们快节奏的世界里, 时间是宝贵的资产, 实时了解资产位置可能是革命性的. 所以, 什么是 RTLS 以及它如何彻底改变企业跟踪资产的方式, 管理运营, 并优化效率? 让我们探讨一下 RTLS 的运作方式, 它的优点, 以及为什么您应该为您的企业投资 RTLS 解决方案.

    what is rtls

    什么是实时定位系统

    实时定位系统 (Real Time Location System) is a technology used to automatically identify and track the location of objects or people in real time. It provides instant visibility into the position of assets, 存货, or personnel, typically using a combination of 物联网传感器, 标签, and software.

    How Does RTLS Work?

    The core function of Real Time Location System is based on tracking objects through tags, which can be placed on equipment, 车辆, or even people. When an object with a tag starts to move, the tag transmits signals that are picked up by receivers, readers, or gateways installed throughout the area. These devices collect the data, which is then processed by specialized software using algorithms to determine the object’s location. Once the location is calculated, this information is sent to a connected platform, such as a smartphone or computer, where users can view the data to manage assets and personnel.

    The Methods of RTLS Position Calculation

    接收信号强度指数

    RSSI is one of the most common and preferred methods for determining position in Real Time Location System. It involves measuring the strength of the signal received from a device, such as a tag or sensor, at a given location. The basic idea is that the stronger the signal, the closer the object is to the receiver, and the weaker the signal, the farther away it is.

    它是如何运作的:

    • A beacon or tag transmits its signal to nearby receivers.
    • The receivers measure the signal strength.
    • The system uses these measurements to calculate the distance from the tag or beacon to the receivers.

    Although RSSI is inexpensive, easy to implement, and economical in terms of usage, it can be less accurate in environments with significant interference, such as metallic surfaces or walls that distort signals.

    AOA

    AOA is an advanced method where the receiver determines the position of an object from the angle at which its signal comes to that receiver. In this method, by using multiple antennas or receivers at different positions, the system can calculate the angle of the incoming signal and determine the position of the tag.

    如何 it works:

    • The tag emits a signal.
    • The signal is detected by several receivers, each with their antenna at a different angle.
    • The angle difference between the multiple antennas is used to calculate the position of the tag.

    AOA is also more accurate than RSSI, as the angle can usually mitigate interference effects rather than the strength with which the signal arrives. But it is costly because it needs more advanced hardware.

    TDOA

    TDOA is a highly accurate mechanism based on the time difference of arrival of a signal from a tag to multiple receivers placed at known locations. By measuring the time it takes for the signal to reach each receiver, the system can pinpoint the tag’s location very accurately.

    它是如何运作的:

    • A tag transmits a signal at a specific time.
    • Multiple receivers pick the signal at slightly different times.
    • The calculated time difference is used to locate the tag’s position.

    The major advantage of TDOA is its high accuracy, which is the primary reason it should be preferred in large spaces or environments with critical locating needs. 然而, it requires synchronized clocks across the receivers, which can complicate implementation.

    频道探测

    蓝牙信道探测 is a new feature added in Bluetooth Core Specification 蓝牙 6.0, 以高安全性实现两个蓝牙设备之间的安全精细测距. 蓝牙信道探测为蓝牙定位提供了两个主要优势: 提高准确性并增强安全性. Bluetooth channel sounding utilizes PBR (基于相位的测距) 和RTT (Round-Trip Time) to determine the distances between Bluetooth-connected devices with 高的 centimeter-level accuracy. Combining the use of PBR and RTT enhances security by cross-checking.

    methods of rtls position calculation

    The Advantages of RTLS

    Businesses are transforming their approach to 资产追踪, workflow management, and more with RTLS solutions. Let’s take a look at some of the top benefits of implementing RTLS into your operations:

    Improved Asset Utilization

    Asset tracking provides the exact location of your assets, so you know they’re being used to their potential. This allows you to maximize asset availability and productivity by reducing the time spent searching for or unable to locate equipment.

    Improved Accuracyand Efficiency

    Using RTLS tracking, the days of manual tracking errors are gone. Your team is able to pinpoint assets in real time without any wasted time, resulting in faster decision-making and reduced downtime.

    Increased Security

    RTLS also lets you create geo-fences around critical assets, so you’re notified if they get moved beyond certain areas. With this added layer of security, you can ensure that your valuables are well protected.

    Optimized Workflows

    Real-time location solutions will also streamline workflows by giving you real-time visibility of where your assets or personnel are at any given moment. It will help you plan more effectively, allocate your resources more efficiently, and make things run more smoothly.

    节省成本

    It saves businesses time that would be spent searching for lost or misplaced assets, thus enabling them to cut costs related to manual inventory checks, utilize available assets effectively, and eliminate unnecessary purchases.

    advantages of rtls

    The Shortages of RTLS

    在医疗保健领域, the use of RTLS technologies like RFID, Wi-Fi, and UWB faces challenges, particularly interference with sensitive medical equipment. Some argue that placing RFID systems at a safe distance from equipment could mitigate this issue, but the effectiveness of this approach remains uncertain. The correct choice of RTLS technology is crucial, as poor design decisions early on can lead to costly failures.

    Applications of RTLS

    RTLS in Healthcare

    Real Time Location System in healthcare takes care of patient and real-time equipment tracking. RTLS in hospitals enables fast localization of medical devices such as wheelchairs or infusion pumps, ensuring they are always within reach when needed. 除了, it can also track the movements of patients within the institution to facilitate care delivery, hence improving patient outcomes. It improves operational efficiency and reduces asset misplacement.

    RTLS in Manufacturing

    Real Time Location System is vital in the manufacturing sector as far as tool, machine, and inventory tracking are concerned. Manufacturers can optimally use their space in the workplace and ensure that the tools and raw materials are always present and easily accessible, reducing equipment downtime and wasting productive time when searching for it. 此外, it enables better workflow optimization through visibility of the movement of goods along the production line, thus improving overall productivity and leading to better quality of work.

    RTLS in Hospitality

    With RTLS in the hospitality sector, both guest experience and back-end operations are enhanced. 例如, the hotels will use RTLS to track guestslocations in order to offer personalized services that guide them to where they might find activities or amenities. 同时, staff will also have real-time tracking of equipment such as room keys or cleaning carts to ensure smooth operations. Such responses are usually delivered more quickly, resulting in higher customer satisfaction.

    RTLS for Enhanced Workplace Safety

    For industries like construction or warehousing, RTLS can help prevent accidents by providing real-time location data. For a quick response by an emergency team, an accurate location of workers at any given critical moment is valuable in most hazardous settings. It can send worker alerts if entering restricted or dangerous areas.

    RTLS for Indoor Tracking

    RTLS technology is ideal for indoor spaces such as airports, large offices, 和购物中心, as it accurately tracks real-time assets and provides navigation. Visitors can easily find their way to destinations like gates, stores, or restrooms. Their items, along with assets, can also be tracked in large indoor spaces, greatly improving efficiency and minimizing the risk of lost items. RTLS also allows for personalized client experiences, such as location-based promotions.

    Types of technologies used RTLS

    低功耗蓝牙

    Bluetooth low energy technology is commonly used for region tracking and location solutions due to its economical features, such as relatively low power consumption. Tracking is achieved with Bluetooth-based tags and sensors that communicate with receivers or gateways placed nearby. This approach is suitable for office, 仓库, and healthcare environments, emphasizing battery life and affordability.

    Wi-Fi

    Another common RTLS technology nowadays is Wi-Fi, especially in settings where a Wi-Fi network is already operational. Wi-Fi uses access points that measure the strength of the Wi-Fi signal to locate tags or devices in the RTLS environment. Installation is quite easy in very large places such as hospitals, schools, or offices, where most functions are already supported by the existing WiFi infrastructure.

    射频识别

    The most popular technology is RFID, which manages assets through the RTLS tracking system. An RFID tag affixed to an asset communicates with readers to determine its location. 在这种情况下, RFID may be passive (no battery) or active (with a battery to extend its range). 仓库, 后勤, and retail are the ideal environments for real-time inventory or asset tracking.

    UWB

    UWB is one of the most accurate positioning technologies for RTLS due to its high precision. It works by sending signals over a broad frequency range, allowing for very precise time-of-flight measurements that determine where an object is located. UWB is generally used in manufacturing, 卫生保健, and environments where accuracy to within a few centimeters is required.

    红外线的

    Infrared is an inexpensive and relatively uncomplicated RTLS technology that relies on infrared light emitted to track objects. 通常, the working principle involves an infrared emitter on the tag with fixed-in-space infrared sensors. Infrared is mainly used for short-distance tracking within constrained buildings, such as offices or meeting rooms, where items are usually very close.

    全球定位系统

    GPS is often used in RTLS for asset tracking and vehicular location purposes in outdoor environments. The theory is that since satellites are used to find the accurate location of the tag, GPS-based RTLS will be effective in tracking mobile assets, such as vehicles, containers, or even outdoor equipment. A problem with GPS is that it is nearly useless indoors, but it works well for large-scale outdoor environments.

    What Is the Difference Between RTLS and GPS?

    覆盖范围

    RTLS focuses on localized tracking in confined spaces like buildings, 仓库, 和医疗保健设施. GPS provides global coverage but struggles with indoor environments because its signals cannot penetrate most construction materials.

    准确性

    RTLS offers high precision, often accurate to within a foot, making it ideal for detailed, real-time location tracking in smaller areas. GPS lacks fine-grained accuracy, often not suitable for precise indoor tracking.

    功耗

    RTLS uses minimal power, with tags often lasting up to multiple years, making them more energy-efficient for long-term use. GPS consumes more power and requires more complex and expensive receivers.

    应用

    RTLS is preferred for use in indoor or confined-area tracking, such as asset management within buildings, 医院, or warehouses. GPS is best suited for outdoor and large-scale tracking, such as for vehicles, containers, or global asset tracking.

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