Perkenalan
When it comes to RTLS (Sistem Lokasi Waktu Nyata) dan IPS (Sistem Pemosisian Dalam Ruangan) solusi, salah satu teknologi yang menonjol adalah Bluetooth Angle of Arrival (AoA). Sekarang, suara saluran bluetooth telah diperkenalkan untuk menawarkan akurasi tingkat sentimeter untuk kesadaran jarak sebenarnya antar perangkat. AoA’s direction-finding capability significantly enhances indoor positioning and navigation solutions, making it ideal for real-time location services and proximity solutions. Di sisi lain, bluetooth channel sounding takes precision to the next level with centimeter-level accuracy utilizing Phase-Based Ranging and Round-Trip Time. What exactly are the differences between them? Understanding the strengths of both Bluetooth AoA and Channel Sounding will help you choose the best solution for your specific needs.
Understanding Angle of Arrival (AoA)
Working Principle of Angle of Arrival (AoA)
In the AoA (Sudut Kedatangan) method, the device that needed to be determined direction with a single antenna sends a special direction finding radio signal to a receiving device. With multiple antennas arranged in an array, the receiving device can calculate the angle of arrival of the signal by measuring the slight time difference of arrival (Tdoa) or phase difference of the signal at each antenna. If there is a system covering multiple locators, it can combine the AoA data from different locators to triangulate the position of the signal transmitter exactly.
The Benefits of Angle of Arrival (AoA)
Before the Bluetooth AoA and AoD capability was introduced, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) stood out as the solution for device distance calculation. RSSI determines the distance between the signal source and the receiving device by the strength of the wireless signal. Dengan demikian, positioning is not accurate in highly obstructed areas where the signal strength can easily be weakened. Adding the AoA and AoD method to Bluetooth enhances positioning accuracy.
Precise Positioning: The AoA method can achieve sub-meter accuracy by calculating the angle at which signals arrive at the receiving device with multiple arrayed antennas.
Pelacakan Waktu Nyata: By providing the precise direction of objects, the AoA method, when working with RTLS, allows for real-time updates of their direction and location.
The Limitations of Angle of Arrival (AoA)
An unavoidable problem in RF (frekuensi radio) wireless technology is signal attenuation during transmission. The AoA method faces the same issue as RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), where accuracy can be affected by obstacles, reflections, and interference. Bangunan, walls, and other structures can cause multipath effects, leading to errors in angle calculation. Namun, technologies and methods such as bluetooth channel sounding have been developed to address this challenge. Selain itu, calculating the angle of arrival involves complex signal processing and algorithms, which require powerful computing resources. That’s why the AoA typically requires a network-centric infrastructure.
The Applications of Angle of Arrival (AoA)
1.RTLS Solutions
AoA-supported solutions provide a sub-meter accuracy and real-time updates of location and direction, making them ideal for logistics and manufacturing, where they can accurately locate and track packages and materials.
2.IPS Solutions
The direction-finding capability of AoA greatly assists with indoor navigation. It can help navigate customers to the store and even to a specific shelf, providing a more seamless shopping experience.
3.Pemasaran Kedekatan
Imagine customers pointing their AoA-supported smartphone at a product and promptly seeing specific details on the screen. It offers a more convenient and efficient way to shop and market products.
AoA vs. AoD
Both the AoA and AoD methods have direction-finding capabilities. AoA measures the angle at which a signal reaches a receiver to determine the direction of a transmitting device, making it ideal for object tracking and real-time location systems. AoD measures the angle at which a signal leaves a transmitter, enabling a receiving device to calculate its own location. Compared to AoD, AoA is less complex and more widely used.
Memahami Suara Saluran Bluetooth
How Does Bluetooth Channel Sounding Work?
Bluetooth Channel Sounding menggunakan PBR (Rentang Berbasis Fase) dan RTT (Waktu pulang-pergi) to determine the distances between Bluetooth-connected devices with unmatched centimeter-level accuracy. Menggabungkan penggunaan PBR dan RTT meningkatkan keamanan dengan memeriksa silang.
Pbr: In Phase-Based Ranging (Pbr), an initiator device sends a signal to a reflector device, which receives and reflects the signal back to the initiator. The initiator device then measures the phase offset or difference between the transmitted and received signals, allowing for accurate distance calculation between the two devices by estimating this phase difference.
Rtt: In the Round-Trip Time (Rtt) method, the initiator device sends signals to the reflector device, which returns the signals. The distance between the two devices is estimated by assessing the time of flight (Tof), which is the time it takes for the packets to travel back and forth. RTT is regarded as a highly secure method.
The Benefits of Bluetooth Channel Sounding
Ketepatan
Bluetooth channel sounding uses PBR (Rentang Berbasis Fase) to measure distances up to about 150 meter sebelum menghadapi ambiguitas jarak. Dengan menggabungkan RTT (Waktu perjalanan pulang pergi) dengan pbr, Aplikasi dapat mendeteksi dan menyelesaikan ambiguitas ini, memungkinkan pengukuran jarak yang lebih akurat di rentang yang lebih besar.
Keamanan
Kekhawatiran keamanan khusus untuk solusi pengukuran jarak biasanya melibatkan risiko perangkat yang tidak terpercaya yang menipu perangkat tepercaya untuk meyakini bahwa perangkat tepercaya lain cukup dekat untuk memungkinkan tindakan tertentu diambil atau diizinkan.
The combined use of PBR and RTT is one of bluetooth channel sounding’s strategies to counter this threat. Karena kedua metode ini bekerja sama sekali berbeda, kemungkinan keduanya diserang secara bersamaan atau dimanipulasi untuk menghasilkan hasil yang menyesatkan sangat rendah. Keamanan Tinggi yang ditawarkan dengan memeriksa silang PBR dan RTT memberi pengembang kemungkinan yang lebih besar.
The Limitations of Bluetooth Channel Sounding
1.Complexity
The process of channel estimation and signal processing can be computationally demanding, especially for devices with limited processing capabilities.
2.Konsumsi daya
The accuracy of channel sounding depends on the transmission power of the Bluetooth devices involved. Higher power consumption can be a concern for battery-powered devices.
3.Environmental Impact
In complex environments with obstacles and reflections, the accuracy of channel sounding can also be affected.
The Applications of Bluetooth Channel Sounding
1.’Find My’ Larutan
For the end-user of Bluetooth ‘Find My’ solutions, yang merupakan teknologi nirkabel berdaya rendah paling di mana-mana, it is easier and faster to locate lost items, whether by direction or distance.
2.Digital Key
Dalam solusi kunci digital, bluetooth channel sounding can enhance security and user experience by ensuring that a lock only opens when the authorized device is within a certain distance.
3.Indoor Positioning with Centimeter-Level Accuracy
Channel Sounding offers fine ranging that may transform RTLS solutions, such as more precise package tracking in logistics and supply chain, and quicker responses to patient calls or emergencies in healthcare and hospitals.
Bluetooth channel sounding offers exceptional technical flexibility in terms of security, ketepatan, dan latensi. Ini memberi pengembang kebebasan maksimal untuk berinovasi, enabling the creation of endless possibilities between Perangkat Bluetooth and paving the way for a more wireless and connected world.
The Differences Between Angle of Arrival and Bluetooth Channel Sounding
| AoA/ AoD | Suara Saluran Bluetooth | |
|---|---|---|
| Measurements | Estimates the angle of incoming (AoA) and outgoing (AoD) sinyal | Uses PBR and RTT for fine ranging |
| Complexity | AoA is simpler; AoD is more complex and less frequently used | Less complex, simpler implementation |
| Ketepatan | Capable of sub-meter accuracy but can be hindered by multipath propagation | Centimeter-level accuracy even in multipath environments |
| Antenna Requirements | Requires multiple antennas to capture phase shifts | Multi-antenna not required, but can be used to enhance accuracy |
| Konsumsi daya | Konsumsi daya rendah | Slightly higher power consumption |
| Aplikasi | Direction finding capability for IPS and RTLS solutions | For fine ranging projects requiring high security |
Which is Good for You: Angle of Arrival and Bluetooth Channel Sounding?
Keduanya Bluetooth AoA (Sudut Kedatangan) penentuan posisi and channel sounding offer ultra-high accuracy in location services. If you’re looking for a project that’s easy to scale, AoA is a better choice due to its maturity and widespread application. Selain itu, AoA’s direction-finding capability is very beneficial for indoor positioning, navigasi, and proximity solutions. Namun, if your project demands extremely high precision in location services or places a high emphasis on security, bluetooth channel sounding is more suitable.
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